Browsing by Author

  • Publication
    First report of Neospora caninum infection in adult alpacas (Vicugna pacos) and lamas (Lama glama)
    ( 2004-08-01)
    Chávez-Velásquez A.
    ;
    Álvarez-García G.
    ;
    Collantes-Fernández E.
    ;
    Casas-Astos E.
    ;
    ROSADIO ALCANTARA, RAUL HECTOR
    ;
    SERRANO MARTINEZ, MARCOS ENRIQUE
    ;
    Ortega-Mora L.M.
    Neospora caninum is a cyst-forming coccidian that mainly affects bovines, although Neospora infection has also been described in other domestic and wild ruminant species. Serum samples from 78 alpacas (Vicugna pacos) and 73 llamas (Lama glama) at a unique dilution of 1:50 tested by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) were further analyzed serologically by IFAT and Western blot in both ruminant species to avoid cross-reactions with closely related coccidian parasites and to confirm the existence of N. caninum-specific antibodies. IFAT titers ranging between 1:50 and 1:800 were found. When using Western blot, N. caninum tachyzoite-specific immunodominant antigens with apparent molecular weights of 17-18, 34-35, 37, and 60-62 kDa were also recognized, although some sera with 1:50 IFAT titers proved not to have N. caninum-specific antibodies. As expected, higher IFAT titers were associated with higher anti-N. caninum reactivity in Western blot. This report documents for the first time the presence of N. caninum infection in adult alpacas and llamas from Peru.
  • Publication
    Gastrointestinal helminthiasis in guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) family-commercial breeding farms in Ancash, Peru
    (Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2013-01-01)
    Cristina García J.
    ;
    Amanda Chávez V.
    ;
    PINEDO VICENTE, ROSA YSABEL
    ;
    SUAREZ ARANDA, FIDEL FRANCISCO
    The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, identification and quantification of helminths present in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) in the finishing phase from family-commercial breeding farms in the district of Caraz, Ancash, Peru. The stomach, small intestine and large intestine of 100 animals were collected and all parasites were identified and counted. The prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes was 89%. Identified parasites were Paraspidodera uncinata, Trichuris spp, Capillaria spp and Trichostrongylus colubriformis showing prevalence of 83, 31, 18 and 2% respectively and without differences due to sex. The frequency of monoparasitism, biparasitism and triparasitism was 49, 35 and 5% respectively.
  • Publication
    Gastrointestinal helminths in sheepdogs in farmers communities of puno, peru
    (Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2012-01-01)
    Lilian C.T.
    ;
    Amanda C.V.
    ;
    FALCON PEREZ, NESTOR GERARDO
    ;
    FERNANDEZ PAREDES, VIVIANA ROSA
    ;
    HUAMAN URIBE, HECTOR ARTURO
    ;
    LI ELIAS, OLGA MIRTHA
    ;
    Wilfredo H.L.
    The frequency of gastrointestinal helminths in sheepdogs of Ajoyani and Macusani districts in the province of Carabaya, and in the districts of Ocuvíri, Palca, Lampa, and Santa Lucía in the province of Lampa, Puno, Peru was determined. Stool samples were collected from 352 crossbreed dogs, mostly adults and apparently healthy, during January to March 2008. The coproparasitological evaluation was done by the methods of flotation with sugar solution or Sheather's, and by the spontaneous sedimentation technique. Samples were preserved in both 10% formaldehyde and 2.5% bichromate. The resulted showed 20.5 ± 4.2% of dogs were infected with gastrointestinal helminthes. The frequency of dogs with eggs of Taenia was 14.5 ± 3.7%, Trichuris vulpis was 2.6 ± 1.7%, Capillaria sp was 0.9 ± 1%, while for Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, and Ancylostoma sp was 1.4 ± 1.2% each. Besides, the frecuency of Sarcocystis sp was 9.1 ± 3%, Entamoeba coli was 16.5 ± 3.9%, and Isospora sp was 11.9 ± 3.4%. Age, sex, and agro-climatic zone were not considered risk factors for gastrointestinal parasitism. Monoparasitism occurred in 90.9% of dogs with parasite infections. Analysis of samples preserved with 10% formaldehyde or 2.5% bichromate showed similar results and therefore both substances were considered moderately consistent and mutually replaceable according to the Kappa and Mc Nemar tests. © 2012 Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos.
  • Publication
    Gastrointestinal parasitism in two seasons in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) of Oxapampa, Pasco
    (Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014-01-01)
    Merly Vargas R.
    ;
    Amanda Chávez V.
    ;
    PINEDO VICENTE, ROSA YSABEL
    ;
    MORALES CAUTI, SIEVER MIGUEL
    ;
    SUAREZ ARANDA, FIDEL FRANCISCO
    The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in the rainy and dry season in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) in semi-commercial farms in Oxapampa, Paso, Peru, as well as to identify the parasite species and to assess the season and productive phase as risk factors. Two hundred faecal samples per season were collected where the experimental unit was the cage. The samples were processed by the flotation, sedimentation and modified McMaster methods. The prevalence was 90.0 ± 4.1 and 63.5 ± 6.7% in the rainy and dry season respectively, and the identified species were Paraspidodera uncinata, Trichuris spp, Capillaria spp, and Eimeria caviae. On this, E. caviae and P. uncinata showed the higher frequencies in both seasons. The rainy season represented a risk of 5.7-fold relative to the dry season, especially for E. caviae (8.2), while the rearing phase represented a risk of 2.2-fold relative to breeding animals, especially for P. uncinata (2.6) and E. caviae (2.5), while breeding animals showed a higher risk of infection for Capillaria spp (6.2) in relation to the growing animals.
  • Publication
    Giardia spp in dogs and children in rural communities of three districts of Puno, Peru
    (Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2012-01-01)
    Pablo J.O.
    ;
    Chávez V.A.
    ;
    SUAREZ ARANDA, FIDEL FRANCISCO
    ;
    PINEDO VICENTE, ROSA YSABEL
    ;
    FALCON PEREZ, NESTOR GERARDO
    The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Giardia spp in dogs and children in three rural communities in Puno, Peru. Fecal samples were collected (n = 130) from both children and apparently healthy dogs of both sexes and different ages. The Sheather and spontaneous sedimentation technique were used for the diagnosis of Giardia. A sample was considered positive if at least one positive result in any of the two techniques was found. The overall prevalence was 14.6 ± 6.1 and 28.5 ± 7.8% in dogs and children respectively. Sex, age, and location in both children and dogs were not statistically associated with the presence of the parasite. The results of prevalence of Giardia in dogs and children suggest a possible zoonotic risk.
  • Publication
    Helminthiasis and eimeriasis in alpacas of two communities of Cusco, Peru
    (Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014-01-01)
    Helen Pérez R.
    ;
    Amanda Chávez V.
    ;
    PINEDO VICENTE, ROSA YSABEL
    ;
    LEYVA VALLEJOS, VICTOR RAUL
    The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of helminthes and Eimeria in alpacas of two communities in Ocongate, Cusco, Peru, and to determine the association between the presence of these parasites with location, ecosystem, age and sex. A total of 1001 faecal samples were collected from Huacaya alpacas, 521 in the Pampacancha community and 480 in Mahuayani community during the end of the dry season (September-October 2011). Samples were analyzed by the sedimentation and flotation techniques with Sheather and Willis solutions. The parasite load was determined by the modified McMaster technique. Helminth genus was identified through the eggs, stool culture and infective larvae. Eimeria identification was done by oocyst sporulation. The prevalence was 68.4 and 61.5% for helminthes and Eimeria respectively. The multiple logistic regression tests showed a significant association between helminthes and age and between Eimeria and age and location (p<0.05). Parasites of the following genus were found: Nematodirus, Trichuris, Capillaria, Lamanema, Cooperia, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum, Bunostomum and Moniezia, where Nematodirus was the most frequent (p<0.05). Eimeria alpacae was the most frequent Eimeria (42%). The nematode load varied between 59.3 to 70.9 eggs per gram of faeces (epg) and Eimerias showed a geometric mean of 216 oocysts per gram of faeces (opg), both of them are considered of low level of parasite load.
  • Publication
    Helminthiasis in alpacas (Vicugna pacos) of two peasant communities in Macusani, Puno during the dry season
    (Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014-01-01)
    Nancy Contreras S.
    ;
    Amanda Chávez V.
    ;
    PINEDO VICENTE, ROSA YSABEL
    ;
    LEYVA VALLEJOS, VICTOR RAUL
    ;
    SUAREZ ARANDA, FIDEL FRANCISCO
    The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth in alpacas of two peasant communities in Macusani district, Puno, Peru during the dry season and its association with age and origin; also, to establish the average parasite burden and to identify the genus of helminth presents. Stool samples were collected from 1319 alpacas from August to October 2010 and were processed by the flotation method using Willis solution and by the spontaneous sedimentation technique. The parasite burden and identification of nematode larvae was done by the McMaster method and the modified Baermann technique respectively. The prevalence of helminths was 63.9 ± 2.6%. The logistic regression test showed that age was a risk factor for the presence of helminths (p<0.05), where alpacas of 5 months to <1 year old and those of 1 to 3 years old had 2.93 and 1.98 higher risk of this parasite in comparison to animals >3 years old, while there was no difference in the prevalence between the two communities. The parasite burden per each genus was lower than 100 epg. Helminth genus identified were Nematodirus, Trichuris, Moniezia, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum, Trichostrongylus, Ostertagia, Bunostomum, Haemonchus, Capillaria and Lamanema, where the prevalence of Nematodirus spp was the highest (52.8%) followed by Trichuris spp (10.8%) and Moniezia spp (9.6%).
  • Publication
    Sarcocystiosis and productive efficiency of thealpaca
    (Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2008-01-01)
    Amanda Chávez V.
    ;
    LEYVA VALLEJOS, VICTOR RAUL
    ;
    Susan Panez L.
    ;
    Daniel Ticona S.
    ;
    Wilber García V.
    ;
    Danilo Pezo C.
    The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of Sarcocystis lamacanis experimental infection in young alpacas on body weight gain, hematocrit, and fibre yield. The study was carried out with 63 alpacas, five months old, distributed in three treated and two control groups. The treated groups were formed by 13, 12, and 13 animals, orally infected with 1,000, 2,500, and 5,000 Sarcocystis sp. esporocysts respectively. One control group of 12 animals, under traditional rearing without restriction to the access of dogs, shared the grazing area with the treated groups; whereas the other control group of 13 animals was placed in a separate grazing area with fences that impede dog access to pastures. The inoculum was obtained from dogs that were infected through alpaca heart meat containing Sarcocystis lamacanis microcysts. Body weight was recorded and blood samples were monthly collected. The fleece weight was recorded at shearing time. Body weight gain and hematocrit levels decreased after sporocysts administration, especially in the group infected with 5,000 sporocysts. Furthermore, this group had 92.3% mortality in the first three months post infection.
  • Publication
    Seroepidemiological study of Toxoplasma gondii in Peruvian goats and its association with risk factors
    (Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2021-01-01)
    Amanda Chávez V.
    ;
    Ibelice Pérez C.
    ;
    PINEDO VICENTE, ROSA YSABEL
    ;
    SUAREZ ARANDA, FIDEL FRANCISCO
    ;
    VILLACAQUI AYLLON, EGLINTON RUBEN
    The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and its association with risk factors in Peruvian goats. A total of 1119 goat sera collected between 2017-2018 from 23 of the 24 departments of the country by the National Animal Health Service (SENASA) to monitor Brucella melitensis were evaluated. The number of samples was proportional to the goat population of each department. The variables age (<1, 1-3, >3 years), sex, origin (North Coast Zone, Central-South Coast Zone, Sierra-East Zone, altitude (0-500, >500-2500, >2500 m) and type of rearing (intensive, extensive) were considered. The sera were analysed with a commercial multi-species indirect ELISA kit and the risk factors were determined by logistic regression. The overall prevalence of T. gondii was 28.15% (95% CI: 25.5-30.9). The highest prevalences were found in the Sierra-East and Central-South Coast), at an altitude <2500 m and under intensive rearing.