Browsing by Type "Controlled Vocabulary for Resource Type Genres::texto::revista::artículo::artículo de revisión"
  • Institution Publication
    A Bibliometric Review of COVID-19 Vaccines and Their Side Effects
    ( 2025-02-01)
    Liza, Rafael
    ;
    Benites, Santiago M.
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    Diaz, Félix
    ;
    Rivera, Luis

    This bibliometric review analyzes global research on COVID-19 vaccine side effects, focusing on publication trends, collaborations, and key topic areas. Using VOSviewer and Bibliometrix for data analysis and visualization, this study examines 1353 unique papers indexed in Scopus and Web of Science (2020–2024). The results indicate a significant increase in publications in 2021 and 2022, with the United States, China, and Europe contributing the most. While many studies focused on common side effects, such as headache, fatigue, and injection-site pain, rare but serious adverse events, such as myocarditis, thrombocytopenia, Guillain–Barré syndrome, pericarditis, and thrombosis, were also reported. However, regions with limited research infrastructure, particularly in developing countries, remain underrepresented despite the critical need for vaccine safety studies in these areas. Additionally, journals such as Vaccines, Vaccine, and Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, all ranked Q1, dominate the publication volume, ensuring wide dissemination through open-access availability. This analysis also highlights global collaboration networks, identifying key authors and regions with high levels of co-authorship. Thematic mapping distinguishes niche topics focused on rare and severe side effects from driving topics addressing more common reactions. This review, therefore, underscores the importance of scaling up research efforts in underrepresented regions and strengthening global collaborations to ensure effective pharmacovigilance. Finally, future research should prioritize the long-term, ongoing monitoring of side effects and address disparities in scientific output, particularly in developing countries where vaccine safety data are urgently needed.
  • Institution Publication
    A comprehensive review of the benefits of drinking craft beer: Role of phenolic content in health and possible potential of the alcoholic fraction
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Tirado-Kulieva V.A.
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    Hernández-Martínez E.
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    Minchán-Velayarce H.H.
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    Pasapera-Campos S.E.
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    Luque-Vilca O.M.
    Currently, there is greater production and consumption of craft beer due to its appreciated sensory characteristics. Unlike conventional beer, craft beers provide better health benefits due to their varied and high content of phenolic compounds (PCs) and also due to their alcohol content, but the latter is controversial. The purpose of this paper was to report on the alcoholic fraction and PCs present in craft beers and their influence on health. Despite the craft beer boom, there are few studies on the topic; there is a lot of field to explore. The countries with the most research are the United States > Italy > Brazil > United Kingdom > Spain. The type and amount of PCs in craft beers depends on the ingredients and strains used, as well as the brewing process. It was determined that it is healthier to be a moderate consumer of alcohol than to be a teetotaler or heavy drinker. Thus, studies in vitro, with animal models and clinical trials on cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, diabetes and obesity, osteoporosis and even the immune system suggest the consumption of craft beer. However, more studies with more robust designs are required to obtain more generalizable and conclusive results. Finally, some challenges in the production of craft beer were detailed and some alternative solutions were mentioned.
  • Institution Publication
    Adaptive management strategies for the improvement of water quality and sustainability in water recharge areas
    ( 2026-06-01)
    García-Ávila F.
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    García-Ávila F.
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    Rojas-Yanzaguano M.
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    Roldán-Lata A.
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    Valdiviezo-Gonzales L.
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    Alfaro-Paredes E.
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    Avilés-Añazco A.
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    Avilés-Añazco A.
    Ineffective management of water recharge areas leads to environmental degradation and decreased water quality, affecting both ecosystems and local communities. This study evaluated adaptive water resource management strategies as key to conservation and sustainability in these areas. A systematic review was conducted using the Scopus database, applying the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement for identifying and selecting relevant articles that addressed the research questions. Reforestation and agroecological management practices were found to be effective for improving water quality in water recharge areas. These practices significantly reduced contaminants such as nitrates and phosphates, contributing to the sustainability of aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, key factors that influence the effectiveness of these interventions were identified, including the participation of local communities, continuous monitoring of water resources, and environmental education. Finally, recommendations are provided for future research and management practices that integrate local community engagement and approaches based on technical and economic assessments, in order to maximize the positive impact on water quality and ecosystem resilience.
  • Institution Publication
    Adipose tissue as an alternative source for regenerative medicine
    ( 2013-10-01)
    Socarrás-Ferrer B.
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    del Valle-Pérez L.
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    de la Cuétara-Bernal K.
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    Galván-Cabrera J.
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    Bencomo-Hernández A.
    ;
    Macías-Abraham C.
    Adipose tissue is an alternative source in cell therapy due to various factors such as its easy extraction, its high content of mesenchymal stem cells and their capacity of ex vivo expansion which can be equivalent or even superior to cells obtained from bone marrow in terms of its ability of differentiation potential of angiogenesis and its immunomodulatory effects in inflammation. These cells have the following expression profile: positive staining for CD29, CD44, CD54, CD90, CD105 and HLA-I; and negative for CD45, CD116, CD14, CD31 and HLA-II. At present, there is evidence that the stem cells derived from adipose tissue has have the potential to differentiate in addition to cells of mesodermal origin as neurons, pancreatic cells, endocrine, hepatocytes, cardiomyocytes and epithelial cells, among others. Because of All these factors and the absence of ethical and immunological problems suggest a new possibility in the treatment of many diseases common to everyday medical practice.
  • Institution Publication
    Adult intraventricular meningiomas in contemporary neurosurgical practice: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    ( 2026-12-01)
    Váscones-Román F.F.
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    Váscones-Román F.F.
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    Váscones-Román F.F.
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    Váscones-Román F.F.
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    Váscones-Román F.F.
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    Fuentes-Garcia S.J.
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    Fuentes-Garcia S.J.
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    Rodriguez-Aguilar N.A.
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    Rodriguez-Aguilar N.A.
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    Carrascal-Gutiérrez R.M.
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    Gamero A.A.
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    Gamero A.A.
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    Campos-Gamarra R.
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    Quiroz-Marcelo D.A.
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    Quiroz-Marcelo D.A.
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    Vilca-Salas M.I.
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    Vilca-Salas M.I.
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    Vilca-Salas M.I.
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    Borjas N.
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    Pacheco-Barrios N.
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    Pacheco-Barrios N.
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    Pacheco-Barrios N.
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    León-Palacios J.
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    León-Palacios J.
    Background. Intraventricular meningiomas (IVMs) are rare adult tumors in deep-seated ventricular locations with challenging surgical anatomy and heterogeneous management. Contemporary pooled benchmarks for extent of resection, complications, and recurrence in adult intraventricular meningiomas remain limited. Methods. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed following PRISMA 2020 and MOOSE guidelines. Studies published from 2019 to 2025 including adults with histologically confirmed IVMs were analyzed. Data on demographics, tumor location, histopathology, surgical management, and outcomes were extracted. Random-effects models pooled means and proportions; heterogeneity was assessed with I². Results. Thirty-four studies comprising 981 patients were included. Most tumors involved the lateral ventricles (83%), with a mean age of 48 years (95% CI, 45–51) and 63% female predominance. The pooled gross total resection (GTR) rate was 88% (95% CI, 82–93; I² = 52%), and the recurrence rate—in studies with ≥ 12 months follow-up—was 9% (95% CI, 4–19; I² = 0). Postoperative complications were reported descriptively across studies and consisted mainly of transient visual or motor deficits, hemorrhage, edema, and hydrocephalus requiring CSF diversion. Stereotactic radiosurgery achieved durable control for small residual or recurrent lesions. Among 297 tumors with available grading data, CNS WHO grade 1 tumors accounted for 74.1% and CNS WHO grade 2 tumors for 24.2%. Conclusions. Adult IVMs are predominantly lateral-ventricle tumors affecting middle-aged women and are associated with generally favorable outcomes in specialized centers. Gross total resection remains the preferred goal when functionally feasible, whereas planned subtotal resection followed by early stereotactic radiosurgery may offer durable control in anatomically high-risk cases. These pooled benchmarks help contextualize current practice and highlight the need for improved molecular and neurofunctional reporting in future prospective studies.
  • Institution Publication
    Advanced formulations and nanotechnology-based approaches for pulmonary delivery of sildenafil: A scoping review
    ( 2022-10-01)
    Lazo R.E.L.
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    Mengarda M.
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    Almeida S.L.
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    Caldonazo A.
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    Espinoza J.T.
    ;
    Murakami F.S.
    Oral sildenafil (SDF) is used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and its bioavailability is approximately 40%. Several formulations of nano and microparticles (for pulmonary delivery) are being developed because it is possible to improve characteristics such as release time, bioavailability, dose, frequency, and even directly target the drug to the lungs. This review summarizes the latest SDF drug delivery systems for PAH and explains challenges related to the development, the preclinical, and the clinical studies. A scoping review was conducted by searching electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify studies published between 2001 and 2021. From 300 articles found, 31 met the inclusion criteria. This review identified colloidal formulations such as polymeric, lipid, and metal-organic framework nanoparticles. Strategies were determined to reach the deep airways such as polymeric microparticles, large porous microparticles, nanocomposites, and nano in microparticles. Finally, aspects related to toxicological, pharmacokinetics, and gaps in information for potential use in humans were discussed. SDF formulations are significant candidates for the treatment of PAH by inhalation. In summation, future preclinical studies are still required in large animals, as there is no particular formulation yet submitted to clinical studies.
  • Institution Publication
    Advancements in techniques for analyzing cell permeability
    ( 2025-09-01)
    de Jesus da Silva V.
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    Carnero Canales C.S.
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    Polinário G.
    ;
    Chesna V.O.
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    Pogianeli R.M.
    ;
    Júnior E.R.
    ;
    Venceslau Junior M.E.
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    Ortoloni M.F.
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    Meneguin A.B.
    ;
    Pavan F.R.
    Cell permeability is a critical factor in drug development, as it directly determines the absorption and bioavailability of therapeutic compounds. This article thoroughly reviews the techniques used to analyze cell permeability, from traditional methods to innovative approaches. Initially, it delves into the characteristics, cultivation, and applications of the Caco-2 cell line, highlighting its ability to simulate the human intestinal epithelium and noting its limitations, such as the extended cultivation time required and the absence of a mucosal layer. Strategies to enhance the performance of Caco-2-based models are explored, including the use of electrospun nanofiber scaffolds and accelerated differentiation media. Additionally, alternative methods such as the Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (PAMPA), the Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell line, and the everted rat intestinal sac model are examined, evaluating their advantages and disadvantages compared to Caco-2 cells. The use of co-cultures of Caco-2 and mucin-producing HT29-MTX cells is also discussed as a more accurate replication of the human intestinal environment. The article further examines less-explored methods, such as porcine cell-based models and physiological mathematical models, offering new perspectives on the study of cell permeability. Finally, emerging three-dimensional models, including induced pluripotent stem cells, organ-on-a-chip systems, and cell spheroids, are presented, promising greater physiological relevance and improved predictability in permeability studies. This article provides a guide for researchers in selecting suitable methods for their studies, considering factors such as reproducibility, physiological relevance, cost, and cultivation time.
  • Institution Publication
    Advancements in UAV-Enabled Intelligent Transportation Systems: A Three-Layered Framework and Future Directions
    ( 2024-10-01)
    Afrin T.
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    Yodo N.
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    Dey A.
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    Aragon L.G.
    Featured Application: This paper addresses the practical application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in modern transportation systems, mainly focusing on how UAVs can be effectively integrated into intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) to improve efficiency, safety, and decision-making in smart cities. It offers a framework for understanding current advancements and guides future research and development in this evolving field. Integrating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) into intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) will be pivotal in shaping next-generation smart cities. This paper proposes a novel three-layered framework for integrating UAVs into intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) and reviews the current developments, challenges, and future directions in this emerging field. This framework provides a comprehensive overview of the key components of UAV-integrated ITSs, encompassing UAV specifications and deployment strategies, communication networks, and data utilization for traffic management. The first layer explores UAVs’ technical specifications, deployment strategies, and trajectory optimization, essential for maximizing UAV performance in transportation contexts. The second layer addresses the communication networks between UAVs and vehicles, along with the use of UAVs for responsive traffic monitoring. This includes the development of robust communication protocols and real-time traffic analysis to enhance system efficiency. The third layer focuses on advanced data collection processing techniques and complexities, reviewing the methods for analyzing the traffic data collected by UAVs for decision-making in transportation management. Moreover, the paper presents the current UAV-enabled ITS implementation, highlighting key challenges and future research directions. By providing a comprehensive overview of UAV-enabled ITSs, this study presents a significant portrayal of the current landscape of UAV integration in ITSs and serves as a foundation for future advancements in smart city infrastructure.
  • Institution Publication
    ADVANCES IN RESEARCH ON NANOSTRUCTURED SENSORS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
    ( 2024-09-01)
    Gamboa J.M.
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    Gamboa J.M.
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    Medalla C.
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    Bernal J.
    Nanostructured sensors have emerged as a promising tool to address environmental challenges by providing highly sensitive and selective detection capabilities. This review article detail the role of nanostructured sensors in environmental applications, highlighting their benefits, limitations, and future perspectives. It analyzes the different types of nanostructured sensors used in environmental monitoring, the materials employed in their fabrication, and their potential to contribute to ecosystem preservation and human health.
  • Institution Publication
    Advances in the Functionalization of Vaccine Delivery Systems: Innovative Strategies and Translational Perspectives
    ( 2025-05-01)
    de Moura I.A.
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    Silva A.J.D.
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    de Macêdo L.S.
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    Melo K.M.T.B.d.
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    Leal L.R.S.
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    Espinoza B.C.F.
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    Invenção M.d.C.V.
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    Pinho S.S.d.
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    Freitas A.C.d.
    The development of effective vaccines requires a rational design that considers the interaction between antigens, their vectors, and the immune system in addition to the activation of pathways that induce a safe and specific immune response. The efficacy of a vaccine formulation depends on the nature of the antigen, the protection offered by the delivery system, the ability to potentiate the immune response, and the precise release of the immunogen. Carrier systems such as lipid nanoparticles, polymers, exosomes, and microorganisms can be functionalized by chemical, physical, or biological methods to generate selective and improved biodistribution profiles. These methods enhance interaction with target cells, thereby improving immunological efficacy. The conjugation of specific ligands or the modification of parameters such as shape, charge, and size of vectors can enhance the specificity, stability, and efficiency of antigen transport to cellular compartments, thereby facilitating a robust immune response. This study examines modifications in vaccine delivery systems, focusing on biomolecules and physicochemical changes that enhance antigen presentation. Additionally, we examine innovative methods, including microneedles, electroporation, and needle-free systems that show potential for enhancing the immune response.
  • Institution Publication
    Advances in the Green Extraction of Phytochemicals from Fruit Matrices Using Emerging Technologies and Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Systematic Review
    ( 2026-06-01)
    Guillén Sánchez J.S.
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    Javier-Ninahuaman H.
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    Salvador-Reyes R.
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    Rojas-Hurtado G.
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    Quispe G.
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    Yauri B.
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    Quispe-Calla A.
    In accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic review was conducted on the green extraction of bioactive compounds from fruit matrices through the integration of emerging technologies and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). Studies published between 2015 and 2025 were analyzed from databases such as Scopus and Web of Science, and 63 relevant studies were selected following a rigorous methodological evaluation process. The results demonstrate a growing scientific interest in the use of NADES due to their sustainable nature, low toxicity, and high extraction efficiency, particularly when combined with technologies such as ultrasound and microwaves. These synergies enhance yield, reduce energy consumption, and preserve the stability of polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of NADES, such as polarity and viscosity, together with operational factors, such as temperature and water content, significantly influence process efficiency, indicating that the combination of NADES with emerging technologies represents a promising alternative for agri-food valorization with potential application as functional ingredients and in clean-label systems. Moreover, it is established as a robust strategy for the development of sustainable extraction processes with industrial scale-up prospects.
  • Institution Publication
    Advancing Nanotechnology: Targeting Biofilm-Forming Bacteria with Antimicrobial Peptides
    ( 2025-01-01)
    Campos J.V.
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    de Pontes J.T.C.
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    Canales C.S.C.
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    Roque-Borda C.A.
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    Pavan F.R.
    Nanotechnology offers innovative solutions for addressing the challenges posed by biofilm-forming bacteria, which are highly resistant to conventional antimicrobial therapies. This review explores the integration of pharmaceutical nanotechnology with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to enhance the treatment of biofilm-related infections. The use of various nanoparticle systems—including inorganic/metallic, polymeric, lipid-based, and dendrimer nanostructures—provides promising avenues for improving drug delivery, targeting, and biofilm disruption. These nanocarriers facilitate the penetration of biofilms, down-regulate biofilm-associated genes, such as ALS1, ALS3, EFG1, and HWP1, and inhibit bacterial defense mechanisms through membrane disruption, reactive oxygen species generation, and intracellular targeting. Furthermore, nanoparticle formulations such as NZ2114-NPs demonstrate enhanced efficacy by reducing biofilm bacterial counts by several orders of magnitude. This review highlights the potential of combining nanotechnology with AMPs to create novel, targeted therapeutic approaches for combatting biofilm-related infections and overcoming the limitations of traditional antimicrobial treatments.
  • Institution Publication
    Advancing Optical Techniques for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy Monitoring
    ( 2025-10-01)
    Jo J.A.
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    Rajaram N.
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    Mallidi S.
    ;
    Walsh A.
    The editorial comments on the BIOS Special Section on Optics for Cancer Therapy Monitoring and Diagnosis, which published as a series in Volume 2.
  • Institution Publication
    Algorithms for Load Balancing in Next-Generation Mobile Networks: A Systematic Literature Review
    ( 2025-07-01)
    Ochoa-Aldeán J.
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    Silva-Cárdenas C.
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    Torres R.
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    Gonzalez J.I.
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    Fortes S.
    Background: Machine learning methods are increasingly being used in mobile network optimization systems, especially next-generation mobile networks. The need for enhanced radio resource allocation schemes, improved user mobility and increased throughput, driven by a rising demand for data, has necessitated the development of diverse algorithms that optimize output values based on varied input parameters. In this context, we identify the main topics related to cellular networks and machine learning algorithms in order to pinpoint areas where the optimization of parameters is crucial. Furthermore, the wide range of available algorithms often leads to confusion and disorder during classification processes. It is crucial to note that next-generation networks are expected to require reduced latency times, especially for sensitive applications such as Industry 4.0. Research Question: An analysis of the existing literature on mobile network load balancing methods was conducted to identify systems that operate using semi-automatic, automatic and hybrid algorithms. Our research question is as follows: What are the automatic, semi-automatic and hybrid load balancing algorithms that can be applied to next-generation mobile networks? Contribution: This paper aims to present a comprehensive analysis and classification of the algorithms used in this area of study; in order to identify the most suitable for load balancing optimization in next-generation mobile networks, we have organized the classification into three categories, automatic, semi-automatic and hybrid, which will allow for a clear and concise idea of both theoretical and field studies that relate these three types of algorithms with next-generation networks. Figures and tables illustrate the number of algorithms classified by type. In addition, the most important articles related to this topic from five different scientific databases are summarized. Methodology: For this research, we employed the PRISMA method to conduct a systematic literature review of the aforementioned study areas. Findings: The results show that, despite the scarce literature on the subject, the use of load balancing algorithms significantly influences the deployment and performance of next-generation mobile networks. This study highlights the critical role that algorithm selection should play in 5G network optimization, in particular to address latency reduction, dynamic resource allocation and scalability in dense user environments, key challenges for applications such as industrial automation and real-time communications. Our classification framework provides a basis for operators to evaluate algorithmic trade-offs in scenarios such as network fragmentation or edge computing. To fill existing gaps, we propose further research on AI-driven hybrid models that integrate real-time data analytics with predictive algorithms, enabling proactive load management in ultra-reliable 5G/6G architectures. Given this background, it is crucial to conduct further research on the effects of technologies used for load balancing optimization. This line of research is worthy of consideration.
  • Institution Publication
    A Meta-Analysis on the In Vitro Antagonistic Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Dairy Products on Foodborne Pathogens
    ( 2025-03-01)
    Loforte Y.
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    Loforte Y.
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    Fernandes N.
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    de Almeida A.M.
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    de Almeida A.M.
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    Cadavez V.
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    Gonzales-Barron U.
    Raw milk and traditional fermented foods such as artisanal cheese represent a natural source of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). They can produce antimicrobial compounds, such as bacteriocins and lactic acid, which may be exploited in dairy biopreservation. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize the inhibition diameter (ID) of LAB against L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, and Salmonella spp. Literature electronic searches were performed on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, to identify articles that reported data on in-vitro antimicrobial activity by LAB isolated from dairy foods. A total of 1665 papers were retrieved, and 20 primary studies were selected according to the selection criteria, of which 397 observations were extracted. Random-effects meta-regression models were employed to describe the effects of LAB genus, pathogen concentration, susceptibility method, incubation time, inoculation volume, agar type and pH on the IDs for L. monocytogens, S. aureus, and Salmonella spp. L. monocytogens was the most susceptible pathogen (p < 0.05) to the LAB effects, followed by S. aureus and Salmonella spp. As a whole, LAB from the Lacticaseibacillus genus were the most effective (p < 0.05) in inhibiting L. monocytogens (21.49 ± 2.654 mm), followed by S. aureus (21.06 ± 2.056 mm). Salmonella spp. presented higher (p < 0.05) susceptibility to Lactobacillus genus (19.93 ± 2.456 mm). From the results, a general trend could be observed for the well-diffusion method to produce higher (p < 0.05) ID estimates than the spot and disk methods (30.73 ± 2.530 mm vs. 21.98 ± 1.309 mm vs. 13.39 ± 1.403 mm for L. monocytogenes; 22.37 ± 1.073 mm vs. 14.91 ± 2.312 mm vs. 20.30 ± 2.319 mm for Salmonella spp.), respectively. Among the tested moderators, the pathogen’s inoculum concentration, the in vitro susceptibility assay itself, incubation time and inoculation volume on agar are determinant parameters to be looked at when designing a robust and reproducible experimental plan. The in vitro results reinforced that LAB can be useful in controlling the development of pathogenic bacteria frequently found in the dairy industry.
  • Institution Publication
    Analysis of fuels via easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry
    ( 2010-02-05)
    Alberici R.M.
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    Simas R.C.
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    de Souza V.
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    de Sá G.F.
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    de Sá G.F.
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    Daroda R.J.
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    Eberlin M.N.
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    Eberlin M.N.
    The desorption and ionization of analytes directly from surfaces or natural matrices under ambient conditions has greatly simplified chemical analysis by mass spectrometry. Among the currently available set of such techniques, easy ambient sonic-spray ionization (EASI) is one of the simplest and most easily implemented. Fuels are among the most important and most complex classes of chemical mixtures and a challenge for fast and comprehensive chemical analysis. This review summarizes the applications of EASI-MS for fast, simple and nearly sample-preparation-free analysis of various fuels, focusing in typification, adulteration and quality control. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  • Institution Publication
    Analysis of the Impact of the Pandemic on the Growth, Use, and Development of E-Business: A Systematic Review of the Literature
    ( 2023-04-01)
    Ambrosio-Pérez M.
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    Cabanillas-Carbonell M.
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    Iparraguirre-Villanueva O.
    The COVID-19 pandemic has affected various sectors in multiple countries, among them the economic sector has been one of the most affected, so the search for tools or measures for the continuation of sales and processes became recurrent, finding in e-business and its components precise tools to counteract the situation. Therefore, the present research aims to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use, growth, and development of e-business by conducting a systematic literature review using the PRISMA methodology, collecting scientific articles covering the period of the pandemic from databases such as IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, Scopus, EBSCO, and IOPScience. Despite the limitations in access to scientific articles, it could be concluded that within the main characteristics identified, e-business tools in general allowed many businesses to continue subsisting and making sales thanks to the increase in online users due to the COVID-19 lockdowns. Although it was identified that the adoption of these tools lacked policies, limitations, and supports from governments, the perception of their use was positive in that they were considered safe and efficient.
  • Institution Publication
    An appraisal of the methodology and quality of evidence of systematic reviews on the efficacy of prone positional ventilation in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: an umbrella review
    ( 2023-04-01)
    Noeding Fischer C.H.R.M.
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    Bocanegra Román N.F.A.
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    Nieto-Gutierrez W.
    The objective of the study was to evaluate all available systematic reviews on the use of prone positional ventilation in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). An umbrella review on the efficacy of prone positional ventilation in adult patients ventilation in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome was conducted. We performed a systematic search in the database of Medline (Pubmed), Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Epistemonikos. The ROBIS tools and GRADE methodology were used to assess the risk of bias and certainty of evidence. We estimated the necessary number of patients to be treated to have benefit. For the synthesis of the result, we selected the review with the lowest risk of bias. Sixteen systematic reviews including 64 randomized clinical trials and evaluating the effect of prone positional ventilation, with or without other ventilation strategies were included. Aoyama 2019 observed prone positioning, without complementary ventilation strategies, leading to a reduction in the 28-day mortality only when compared to high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (RR 0.61; 95% CI 0.39–0.95) and lung-protective ventilation in the supine position (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.48–0.98), with an ARR of 9.32% and 14.94%, an NNTB of 5.89 and 8.04, and a low and moderate certainty of evidence, respectively. Most reviews had severe methodological flaws that led to results with very low certainty of evidence. The review with the lowest risk of bias presented results in favor of prone positional ventilation compared with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation and lung-protective ventilation. There is a need to update the available reviews to obtain more accurate results.
  • Institution Publication
    An overview of antipsychotic drug prescribing trends (initiation/prevalence) in UK primary care from 1995 to 2018: analysis of electronic health records from over 790 general practices
    ( 2025-08-14)
    Samsuddin S.W.
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    Cooper C.
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    Hayes J.
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    Bazo-Alvarez J.C.
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    Schartau P.
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    Petersen I.
    Background Initially prescribed for schizophrenia and psychosis, antipsychotics are increasingly prescribed for other indications. Since the late 1990s, prescribing shifted from first-generation to second-generation antipsychotics. Aims To examine overall initiation and prevalence of antipsychotic drug prescribing in UK primary care from 1995 to 2018, stratified by gender. Method Cohort studies using UK anonymised electronic primary care data from IQVIA Medical Research Data, including over 790 general practices and registered individuals aged 18-99 years. Results Antipsychotic drug initiation was stable in the late 1990s, at 6-7/1000 person-years at risk (PYAR) in men and 9-11/1000 PYAR in women. From 2001, initiation declined, stabilising from 2005 onward at 4/1000 PYAR in men and 4-5/1000 PYAR in women. Prevalence remained consistent from 1995 to 2018: 12/1000 in men and 14/1000 in women by 2018. Initiation and prevalence were higher in women than men, but increased with age in both genders: (18-39 v. 80-99 years; incidence rate ratio (IRR) 4.85, 95% CI 4.75-4.95 in men; IRR 5.90, 95% CI 5.78-6.02 in women; prevalence rate ratio (PRR) 2.22, 95% CI 2.19-2.25 in men; PRR 4.28, 95% CI 4.24-4.33 in women). Initiation and prevalence were greater in individuals with greater socioeconomic deprivation (Townsend score of 5 v. 1; IRR 2.69, 95% CI 2.64-2.75 in men; IRR 2.19, 95% CI 2.15-2.24 in women; PRR 3.87, 95% CI 3.82-3.92 in men; PRR 2.80, 95% CI 2.77-2.83 in women). Conclusions Antipsychotic drug initiation decreased after 2001, stabilising from 2005 onward. Prevalence remained relatively consistent throughout the study period. Women had higher initiation and prevalence than men. However, both genders showed increased prescribing with age and socioeconomic deprivation.
  • Institution Publication
    An overview of mesoscale aerosol processes, comparisons, and validation studies from DRAGON networks
    ( 2018-01-19)
    Holben B.N.
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    Kim J.
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    Sano I.
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    Mukai S.
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    Eck T.F.
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    Eck T.F.
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    Giles D.M.
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    Giles D.M.
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    Schafer J.S.
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    Schafer J.S.
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    Sinyuk A.
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    Sinyuk A.
    ;
    Slutsker I.
    ;
    Slutsker I.
    ;
    Smirnov A.
    ;
    Smirnov A.
    ;
    Sorokin M.
    ;
    Sorokin M.
    ;
    Anderson B.E.
    ;
    Che H.
    ;
    Choi M.
    ;
    Crawford J.H.
    ;
    Ferrare R.A.
    ;
    Garay M.J.
    ;
    Jeong U.
    ;
    Kim M.
    ;
    Kim W.
    ;
    Knox N.
    ;
    Li Z.
    ;
    Lim H.S.
    ;
    Liu Y.
    ;
    Maring H.
    ;
    Nakata M.
    ;
    Pickering K.E.
    ;
    Piketh S.
    ;
    Redemann J.
    ;
    Reid J.S.
    ;
    Salinas S.
    ;
    Seo S.
    ;
    Tan F.
    ;
    Tan F.
    ;
    Tripathi S.N.
    ;
    Toon O.B.
    ;
    Xiao Q.
    Over the past 24 years, the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) program has provided highly accurate remote-sensing characterization of aerosol optical and physical properties for an increasingly extensive geographic distribution including all continents and many oceanic island and coastal sites. The measurements and retrievals from the AERONET global network have addressed satellite and model validation needs very well, but there have been challenges in making comparisons to similar parameters from in situ surface and airborne measurements. Additionally, with improved spatial and temporal satellite remote sensing of aerosols, there is a need for higher spatial-resolution ground-based remote-sensing networks. An effort to address these needs resulted in a number of field campaign networks called Distributed Regional Aerosol Gridded Observation Networks (DRAGONs) that were designed to provide a database for in situ and remote-sensing comparison and analysis of local to mesoscale variability in aerosol properties. This paper describes the DRAGON deployments that will continue to contribute to the growing body of research related to meso- and microscale aerosol features and processes. The research presented in this special issue illustrates the diversity of topics that has resulted from the application of data from these networks.