The combined use of SERS detection and PTT with noble metal nanoparticles is a hot topic that has proved to be a very potent theragnostic tool. In the last few years, it has been reported the detection of down to 10 cancer cells, which increases the possibilities of an early diagnosis (key step in cancer), while giving valuable information about the intracellular temperature and pH during PTT, as well as the processes occurring in real time and in vivo. Finally, PTT has emerged as a great therapeutic tool for the selective thermoablation of tumoral cells.