This paper presents current trends in gifted education in two countries of South America: Peru and Brazil. Educational provisions for the gifted, research on giftedness. unsolved issues, and perspectives for the future are reported. Misconceptions and lack of information regarding gifted children, as well as lack of national and state policies on gifted education are serious obstacles to the provision of adequate educational programs for the gifted efforts to improve the partnership between schools and universities regarding teachers’ and counselors’ training, implementation of parent group support, and inclusion of academic courses in gifted education are urgently needed in these countries, as well as more empirical studies on the nurturance of giftedness and talent.