Background: To analyze the physical performance of pre-school children according to chronological age and anthropometric variables. Methods: 217 pre-school children from a Commune (Maule) of Talca-Chile (106 boys and 114 girls) were studied. The age range ranges from 4.0 to 5.9 years. The anthropometric variables were evaluated: Weight, height, triceps fold and perimeter of the arm. The Body mass index (BMI), Arm muscular area (AMA) and Arm fat area (AFA) and motor performance variables were calculated: ball throw and horizontal jump. Results: In relation to the chronological age, children of both sexes of 5 years showed greater weight and stature and better performance in the ball throw and horizontal jump. There were no differences between sexes at 4 and 5 years (p<0.05). It was verified significant positive correlations between ball throw with age, height and AMB in both sexes (r = 0.13-0.37), while in the horizontal jump, in addition to relating to age, height and AMB, the weight also showed correlation significant positive (r = 0.11-0.41). Children of both sexes with greater stature and AMB showed better physical performance, in addition there were marked differences between both sexes (p<0.05). Conclusion: In addition to the chronological age, the somatic variables of the stature and the muscular area of the arm could serve as growth indicators to assess the physical performance of pre-school children of both sexes, although it is necessary to develop more studies covering a greater number of subjects, age ranges in other sociocultural contexts.