Introduction: The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey (mbi-hss) is a measuring instrument applied to Peruvian physicians using the National Survey on User Satisfaction of Health Services (Ensusalud) in 2014. However, evidence on the validity of its internal structure has not been established to date and it seems necessary to examine due to the various existing proposals related to the configuration of its factors. This study examines the validity of the internal structure of mbi-hss in Peruvian physicians with secondary data from Ensusalud. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 2222 doctors from different regions of Peru selected from a two-stage and stratified probability sampling. The validity of the internal structure of the mbi-hss was assessed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and the reliability was calculated according to the internal consistency (alpha and omega coefficients). In addition, the differential item functioning (dif) was evaluated according to gender. Results: An internal structure of three factors is demonstrated in the mbi-hss with reduction of three items. The reliability was adequate (between.845 and.918), although it decreased considerably in the presence of correlated errors (between.335 and.517). Regarding the dif, it was found that item 10 presented variation according to gender. Conclusion: The original version (22 items) of the mbi-hss is not appropriate to evaluate burnout in Peruvian doctors, the proposal of 19 items is viable, although as this is an initial validation study, the results must be replicated.