The release of toxic substances like heavy metals, dyes, emerging and classical contaminants released from different industries are annoying due to their toxicity and persistent nature. This chapter describes applications of various nano-biosorbents as a positive approach for the removal of different types of pollutants from wastewater and the need for time. The nano-biosorbents are a substitute advanced material to remove toxic contaminants having a small size, high surface area, stability, green engineered nanoscale (zero-valent metals) ions. Other properties of nanobisorbents have completely different optical, electrical and magnetic properties, greater reactivity with neighboring (polluting) atoms, faster chemical processes, and less waste generation post-treatment. Furthermore, some studies have been carried out to investigate the use of nano-adsorbent materials in wastewater remediation. Nano-adsorbent materials consider next-generation adsorbents and have several practices and perform very well in environmental purification and control of pollutants from water and wastewater.