Lepidium meyenii (maca) is a Peruvian plant of the Brassicaceae family, which is cultivated and grows exclusively in the Peruvian central Andes between 4000 and 4500 m altitude. Maca is used as a food supplement in the central Andes and also by its medicinal properties described traditionally. Since the 1990's of the XX century, an increasing interest on products from maca has been observed in many parts of the world. In the last decade exportation of maca from Peru has increased from 1'415,000 USD in 2001 to USD 6'170,000 USD in 2010. Experimental scientific evidences showed that maca has nutritional, energizer, fertility-enhancer properties and acts on sexual dysfunctions, osteoporosis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, memory and learning, and protect skin against ultraviolet radiation. Clinical trials showed efficacy of maca on sexual dysfunctions as well as increasing sperm count and fertility. Maca is a plant with great potential as an adaptogen and appears to be a promising source for nutraceuticals in the prevention of several diseases. Very little nutrigenomic studies have been done so far on maca and its active components, providing an excellent opportunity to explore this plant for the development of potential nutraceuticals for fertility and sexual health. © 2013 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.