Because of the improvements in efficacy of cancer treatments, the rates of cancer survivors are constantly increasing; however some of these more aggressive anti-cancer therapies endanger fertility. Although the use of classical Assisted reproduction techniques, like in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and embryo freezing/transfer (Frozen embryo transfer, FRET), are an option for certain adult patients, these techniques depend on the amount of oocytes obtained after controlled ovarian stimulation. This treatment is not suitable for children or adolescent patients, and potentially unsafe when using it in breast cancer patients. Therefore, adolescent and adult female cancer patients are being offered the possibility to cryopreserve pieces of their ovarian tissue with the ultimate goal of restoring their fertility when they are disease free. Ovarian tissue grafting has proven successful, however the latent risk for reintroducing malignant cells, enforces the search for alternatives. In vitro culture of cryopreserved tissue, and of ovarian follicles isolated from this tissue, are challenging alternatives. Techniques for culturing ovarian tissue and follicles are under development and may benefit from advances in molecular techniques, innovative culture devices and artificial extracellular matrices. This review focuses on state-of-the-art culturing techniques for ovarian follicles and reports on the most recent advances in the field in animal models and in human.