The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are a set of 8 aims adopted by the United Nations to create a more peaceful, prosperous, and just world. Four MDGs directly concern public health, and public health schools should be involved in meeting them. The Johns Hopkins University-directed Fogarty Global Infectious Disease Research Training Program in Peru and Bolivia, funded by the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health, has spanned nearly 3 decades and provides a case study of how low-resource interventions can help meet MDGs.