Ramírez Baca, Oswaldo, Luis Del Valle Mendoza, and Nicolás Arzola Guerrero. Dermatoglyphics of a high altitude Peruvian population and interpopulation comparisons. High Alt Med Biol 2:31-40, 2001.--Studies of genetic structures of Andean human populations have not been numerous, even though these studies could be used to answer questions concerning migration routes of the indigenous peoples who populated America. Such studies could provide basic genetic information and clarify uncertainties surrounding genetic relatedness of South American indigenous peoples. This present work describes, quantifies, and analyzes the digital and palmar dermatoglyphics of 120 people in the community of San Pedro de Casta, Perú. The results were then compared using distance analysis to all other Peruvian population values studied to date and other South American populations. The dermatoglyphic indicators studied were the distribution of digital pattern frequencies, the total ridge counts (TRC), the pattern intensity index (PII), the atd angle, and the a-b ridge counts. The results did not show statistically significant differences for digital patterns between hands, neither within a sex nor between sexes. The means and standard deviations of PII and TRC were 12.32 ± 3.97 and 112.18 ± 45.09, respectively. The means and standard deviations for the other two indicators were the following: atd angle, 94.85° ± 12.33; and a-b ridge counts, 81.57 ± 9.06. The distance analyses results suggest the existence of two different genetic lines among high altitude populations, as well as the need for further research.