Lymphocytes from patients with measles showed profound and prolonged suppression of proliferative responses to mitogens. The degree of suppression was similar in patients with uncomplicated measles virus infection and in those with pneumonia or postinfectious encephalitis. Despite this suppression, lymphocyte responses to measles antigen and PPD were demonstrated in patients with encephalitis and uncomplicated disease, even early in infection. Most patients with pneumonia did not have demonstrable antigen-specific responses. The proportions of T helper (OKT 4) and T suppressor (OKT 8) cells and functional tests of Con A suppressor cell activity showed no significant difference between control and measles patients but, in contrast to controls, cells from measles patients cultured in the absence of any stimulant significantly suppressed the proliferation of allogeneic responder cells. Nine of 20 supernatant fluids from these cultures possessed a soluble suppressor factor. These studies indicate varied disruptions of immune reactivity during measles. © 1984.