The design and development of a compact optical fiber-based apparatus for in situ time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy of biological systems was described. The apparatus allows direct recording of the entire fluorescence decay with high sensitivity. It was observed that the apparatus is modular, optically robust, and compatible with the clinical environment. It was found that the apparatus provides both time-resolved and spectrally resolved fluorescence emission information of the sample in less than 0.8 s per wavelength and with good dynamic range and sensitivity.