Introduction: More than 25 years after the pharmaceutical care proposal, a large percentage of pharmacies fail to its implementation which makes necessary to determine the usual barriers to create strategies that contribute to its setting-up and its development. Objectives: To determine the factors impeding the implementation of pharmaceutical care in pharmacies in Cusco and Wanchaq districts, Cusco's department. Methods: It was carried out an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study based on a survey addressed to 95 pharmaceutical chemists registered in Cusco (Cusco district: 44; Wanchaq district: 51) who work in pharmacies and also to 46 pharmacies' owners. Two pieces of data collection (questionnaire survey) validated by experts were developed. The results were processed in SPSS V.22.Results: 63.2% of the pharmaceutical chemists were women, the mean age was 32.2 (SD: 6.027). None of them did a master or a doctorate in pharmaceutical care. Just 7.4% held a diploma in pharmaceutical care. 88.4% were satisfed with the occupation of their choice; 93.7% said that university education is not enough for pharmaceutical care development. 81.1% are dissatisfed with the monthly income received. Conclusion: The lack of materials and infrastructure, the insufcient time, the poor wages and the need for approval of the owners were the key factors that prevent the implementation of pharmaceutical care.