Objectives: The identification of variables related to the survival of heart transplant patients is vital for a good medical practice. Few studies have examined this issue in a Latin American population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze, retrospectively, the survival and mortality characteristics of patients after heart transplant. Materials and Methods: Information on patients was obtained through review of medical records; we collected information on all patients who underwent this procedure from 2010 to 2015. Sociodemographic, clinical, and surgical characteristics associated with posttransplant mortality were analyzed. Survival over 5 years was determined with the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The overall survival rate of the 35 patients who underwent heart transplant was 85%. Those with low total cholesterol values (< 160 mg/dL) had a lower survival at 5 years than patients with higher values (74% vs 100%; P = .044). The overall mortality was 14.3%, and the main cause of death was acute graft rejection (40%). Lower total cholesterol level (< 160 mg/dL; P = .036), presence of chronic kidney disease stage 1 (P = .049), intraoperative bleeding (> 600 mL; P = .013), and number of sepsis incidents (P = .03) were more frequent in patients who died. Conclusions: The survival in our institute at 5 years is higher than shown in the reported literature, and the mortality is lower. In addition, a low total cholesterol value negatively affects survival of heart transplant patients at 5 years.