Introduction: Doctors who are preparing to take the medical residency exam are exposed to work stress, because they have to work to pay their studies. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Burnout syndrome in general practitioners preparing for the residency exam. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was applied in general practitioners who worked and were preparing to take the medical residency exam were included, who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. Univariate and bivariate statistics were performed, the calculations were performed with a confidence level of 95 %. Results: A total of 306 general practitioners were included. 56,9 % were female and the average age was 28,5 ± 4,3 years. 2,3 % (7) of the doctors had Burnout syndrome, the subscales of depersonalization (42,2 %) and emotional exhaustion (32 %) had higher percentages of high indexes. Conclusions: The prevalence of Burnout syndrome was low in general practitioners preparing for the medical residency examination. The subscales with the highest indices were depersonalization and emotional exhaustion.