This is one of the most conspicuous families in the pluvial and humid forests of the eastern Andean slopes. The Aquifoliaceae are represented in Peru by 34 species in the genus Ilex (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993; Ulloa Ulloa et al., 2004), mostly trees. Here we recognize nine endemic species, nearly half of which are known from a single locality. Of these, only one species has been collected in the 20th century. These endemic taxa are found mainly in Very Humid Montane and Premontane Forests regions, between 1100 and 3500 m elevation. Four endemic species of Ilex have been reported within Peru's protected areas system.