Since the 1990s, socio-environmental conflicts in Peru have multiplied exponentially. This is closely related to the increase in the extraction of materials, especially from the mining sector. Conflicts are accompanied by a lot of repressive violence by the State and extractive companies. The vast majority of the time, the dead remain anonymous and the aftermath of the many injured are ignored. In this article, after reviewing the Peruvian social metabolism in the period 1990-2018, we will focus on the types of violence and the causes of this violence that, according to our hypothesis, has its origin in coloniality.