Objective: To summarise the evidence about the efficacy and safety of using GH in adults with GH deficiency focusing on quality of life and body composition. Data sources: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science and Scopus throughApril 2011.We also reviewed reference lists and contacted experts to identify candidate studies. Study selection:Reviewers, working independently and in duplicate, selected randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared GH to placebo. Data synthesis: We pooled the relative risk (RR) and weighted mean difference (WMD) by the random effects model and assessed heterogeneity using the I 2 statistic. Results: Fifty-four RCTswere included enrolling over 3400 patients. The quality of the included trialswas fair. GH use was associated with statistically significant reduction in weight (WMD, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): K2.31 kg, K2.66 and K1.96) and body fat content (WMD, 95% CI: K2.56 kg, K2.97 andK2.16); increase in lean body mass(WMD,95%CI: 1.38, 1.10 and 1.65), the risk of oedema (RR, 95% CI: 6.07, 4.34 and 8.48) and joint stiffness (RR, 95% CI: 4.17, 1.4 and 12.38); without significant changes in body mass index, bone mineral density or other adverse effects. Quality of life measures improved in 11 of the 16 trials although meta-analysis was not feasible. Results: GH therapy in adults with confirmed GH deficiency reduces weight and body fat, increases lean body mass and increases oedema and joint stiffness. Most trials demonstrated improvement in quality of life measures. © 2012 European Society of Endocrinology.