School dropout in primary education is a problem that has individual and social economic repercussions. In view of this problem, the objective of this research was to analyze factors and consequences of school dropout in primary education in a private educational institution in the district of Carabayllo (Lima - Peru). Assuming a qualitative methodology, six elementary school teachers were interviewed (3 males and 3 females) and after a coding and triangulation analysis, the following results were obtained: it is confirmed that the factors in school dropout (family, economic and pedagogical) influence the students' decision making, thus interrupting their educational training. The pedagogical factor such as methodological deficiencies, inadequate training and teacher treatment influence school dropout. Finally, the consequences of dropping out present difficulties both in the present and future life of the student and also in society.