Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to mediate multiple physiological and toxicological functions. The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is responsible for the high output generation of NO by macrophages following their stimulation by cytokines or bacterial antigens. The inhibition of TNFα-stimulated HIV expression and the anti-inflammatory property of PD144795, a new benzothiophene derivative, have been recently described. We have now analyzed whether some of these properties could be mediated by an effect of PD144795 on NO-dependent inflammatory events. We show that PD144795 suppresses the lipopolysaccharide-elicited production of nitrite (NO2-) by primary peritoneal mouse macrophages and by a macrophage-derived cell line, RAW 264.7. This effect was dependent on the dose and timing of addition of PD144795 to the cells. Suppression of NO2- production was associated with a decrease in the amount of iNOS protein, iNOS enzyme activity and mRNA expression. The effect of PD144795 was partially abolished by coincubation of the cells with LPS and IFNγ. However, the inhibitory effect of PD144795 was not abrogated by the simultaneous addition of LPS and TNFα, which indirectly suggests that the effect of PD144795 was not due to the inhibition of TNFα synthesis. Additionally, PD144795 did not block NF-κB nuclear translocation induced by LPS. Inhibition of iNOS gene expression represents a novel mechanism of PD144795 action that underlines the anti-inflammatory effects of this immunosuppressive drug. © 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.