Objective: To identify the factors associated with sexual dysfunction in women treated at a level III hospital. Material and Method: case-control study matched by age and body mass index, performed in women aged 18-59 years who attend an outpatient clinic. The Female Sexual Function Index was used to define case (≥24 points) and control (<24 points), and the factors to be evaluated were International Diabetes Federation (IDF) - defined metabolic syndrome, anxiety and depression using validated tests; Menopause, alcohol, smoking, health status, marital status, educational level, occupation, number of pregnancies. Results: 342 women (114 cases/228 controls) participated, with a mean age of 40.5 ± 9.2 and a BMI of 25.2 ± 3.5; 45.9% (157) are married; 53.5% (183) with secondary level, 41.5% (142) housewives, 17.8% (61) menopausal, 34.8% (119) with metabolic syndrome. In addition, with chronic disease, 32.7% (112), anxiety 16.4% (56), depression 5% (17), drug consumption 35.1% (72). In the bivariate analysis, the factors of widowhood, retired occupation, 2 previous pregnancies, ill health, chronic illness, smoking, anxiety and depression, and as a protective factor, married marital status and higher educational level as associated factors. In the multivariate analysis carried out with logistic regression, 0.58 (95% CI: 0.33-0.87), associated with marital status, 8.11 (95% CI: 2.36-17.84), Smoking 2.26 (95% CI: 1.08-4.76), anxiety 1.21 (95% CI: 1.10-1.45) and ill health status 1.50 (95% CI: 1.26- 1.94). Conclusions: Female sexual dysfunction is associated with marital/social status, anxiety, health status and smoking.