Introduction. The guava tree, Psidium guajava, Myrtaceae, is a native fruit tree of the neotropical area. It is very common in all the intertropical zone and used in agroindustry to produce juice, nectar, sorbet, etc. To inventory the pests of the guava tree, a survey was done in different localities of Peruvian Amazonia where this fruit tree develops in a rustic, often subspontaneous, way. Materials and methods. Insect larvae and adults were collected in Peru on various parts of guava trees. Caterpillars were reared on the substrate corresponding to their feeding mode. The fruits with larvae were followed in the laboratory until the pupa formation. A specific experiment made it possible to determine the rates of infestation and the number of larvae per fruit of Anastrepha striata and Conotrachelus psidii. The collected insects were identified by taxonomists. Results and discussion. A full amount of 36 species associated with the guava tree were recorded, the most harmful being the dipteran Anastrepha striata Schiner, the coleopteran Conotrachelus psidii Marshall, and the lepidopteran Timocratica albella Zeller. A. striata and C. psidii attack the fruit. In one of the plantations visited, 56.2% of the fruits were attacked by these two species. Conclusion. Several species presented in this work are mentioned for the first time in Peru and four, new to science, are in the process of being described, or giving rise to a publication. © 2002 Cirad/EDP Sciences.