Title
Optimization of the extraction of phenolic compounds from purple corn cob (Zea mays L.) by sequential extraction using supercritical carbon dioxide, ethanol and water as solvents
Date Issued
01 October 2016
Access level
metadata only access
Resource Type
journal article
Author(s)
Rodrigues R.
Sartoratto A.
Cabral F.
University of Campinas
Publisher(s)
Elsevier B.V.
Abstract
Purple corn cob (Zea mays L.) extracts were obtained by sequential extraction in fixed bed, using GRAS solvents (Generally Recognized as Safe) ordered by increasing polarity, as follows: supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) (nonpolar) in a first step, ethanol (polarity 5.2) in a second step, and water (polarity 9.0) in a third step at the same conditions of temperature and pressure. CCRD (Central Composite Rotatable Design) was used to study the effect of pressure (259-541 bar) and temperature (36-64°C) on the following parameters: overall yield (X0) of each extraction step; yield and content of total monomeric anthocyanins (TMA), total phenolics (TP), and total flavonoids (TF); antioxidant activity (AA) expressed as effective concentration EC50/DPPH responsible for 50% decrease in the initial activity; color by CIELAB L∗a∗b∗system. Quantification of specific anthocyanins was performed by HPLC. The process was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), and the best responses were: X0 of 15.4% in the 3rd step at 65°C and 440 bar; TMA of 64 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside per gram extract in the 2nd step at 45°C and 420 bar; TF of 93.7 mg catechin equivalents per gram extract obtained in the 3rd step at 50°C and 400 bar; TP of 389 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram extract, and AA (EC50/DPPH) of 21 μg/mL in the 2nd step at 65°C and 450 bar. The color of the extracts was affected by the type of solvent, and the highest cyanidin 3-glycoside concentration was observed in the 2nd extraction step, with values of 26-38 mg per gram extract, determined by HPLC.
Start page
10
End page
19
Volume
116
Language
English
OCDE Knowledge area
Química orgánica Métodos de investigación bioquímica Alimentos y bebidas
Publication version
Version of Record
Scopus EID
2-s2.0-84966282802
Source
Journal of Supercritical Fluids
ISSN of the container
0896-8446
Sponsor(s)
The authors thank CNPq for the scholarship awarded to Yaneth Machaca Monroy, and São Paulo Research Foundation FAPESP (Process number 2012/51317-1 ) for the financial support.
Sources of information: Directorio de Producción Científica Scopus