Psychiatric research in Latin America lacks in originality and methodological rigor, and the human and economic resources are extremely limited. However, there are groups in several countries that have used their initiative and resources with a high level of efficiency, particularly in the psychosocial area. Epidemiological investigation in Latin America is exemplary and can, indeed, be one of the most significant contributions of our psychiatry. Assisted by social scientists, psychiatric researchers can study the most pressing problems in the region (alcoholism, substance abuse, violence, problems with children, adolescents and the elderly), as well as traditional areas of clinical investigation such as neuroses and psychoses. Biomedical investigation will continue in selected centers with a clear understanding of priorities and costs. Psychiatric research in Latin America requires realism and gradulism in its planning, multidisciplinary and intercountry collaboration, adequate publication of its findings, and academically trained personnel. Some countries have accumulated expertise in specialized areas and that, together with the contribution of Latin American researchers in other continents, should be positively utilized.