Background: Infantile anemia is a critical problem in high Andean areas of Peru due to its association with maternal and infant morbidity and mortality and negative impact on the emotional, cognitive and motor development of children. A study was carried out to determine the prevalence of anemia in the child population of the Tunanmarca district and establish its relationship with socioeconomic and productive factors. Methods: A survey to 48 peasant families of Tunanmarca district was applied, and the hemoglobin content of their children under 5 years old was measured, with prior informed consent. Associations between the variables were determined with Chi square tests and Spearman's R, with a p <0.05 in the SPSS 23. Results: Infant anemia prevalence was 86%, distributed in 34.9% mild anemia, 46.5% moderate anemia and 4.7% severe anemia. Prevalence of diarrheal and acute respiratory diseases were 16.7 and 25%. Infant anemia prevalence is associated with some socioeconomic and productive variables. Conclusions: In the high Andean community of Tunanmarca, Jauja-Peru a high prevalence of childhood anemia was observed, inversely associated with maternal education, adequately constituted households, owning the home, with the highest frequency of consumption of fish, beans and the raising of domestic animals.