Sperm DNA integrity is important to have a healthy child. The current review has the aim to describe the causes of sperm DNA fragmentation, to explain the different methodologies used to analyze sperm DNA fragmentation and to discuss the clinical relevance of this diagnostic test. Original articles were selected by using a non-systematic narrative review. Articles were selected but not limited to using words such espermatoas sperm DNA fragmentation, sperm DNA damage, sperm oxidative stress, male infertility, assisted reproductive technologies. The data bases used were Pubmed and ScienceDirect. The main cause of sperm DNA fragmentation is the oxidative stresses which together to the inadequate sperm chromatin compaction during the spermiogenesis produce a high rate of sperm DNA fragmentation. There is a correlation among several sperm DNA fragmentation test. Nevertheless, there are different cut off values to classify a man as a normal. The sperm DNA fragmentation has a major effect on the miscarriage rate, with a positive correlation. Finally, sperm DNA fragmentation analysis must be used as an additional test in the clinical evaluation for male infertility.