Currently, the improvement of means of transportation is a great challenge. Brazil has a large ore production, which will continue in the next decades, and seeks to reduce the transportation times between production and export centers, as well as reduce the emission of contaminants to the environment. In this sense, railways are a more efficient and environmentally friendly means of land transportation, and their proper conservation and operability affect the net gains that Brazil receives from the export of commodities. The implementation of this program proposed in the engineering practice would allow taking more precise decisions regarding the activities of maintenance of railroads, generating significant savings. The first step of the research is the analysis and interpretation of results of repeated load triaxial tests carried out in Brazil on railway subgrade soils. An engineering methodology is presented considering the geotechnical properties of the foundation soil obtained through field and laboratory tests for performing of geotechnical analysis. To ensure the railway stability, criteria of bearing capacity, elastic deflection and permanent deformation for the railway substructure must be met. A prediction model of permanent deformation is used, as well as the influence of moisture on the behavior of the foundation soil. This study aims to contribute to the finding of a comprehensive methodology for evaluating the useful service life of the track substructure so that the most appropriate material can be selected for use as a railroad formation material in order to limit stresses on the railway subgrade, which in turn cause progressive loss of geometric profile of the railway, and to maintain a safe operation of the trains. This will allow significant savings in the periodic maintenance of the substructure, which are one of the activities to restore the track geometry of railways.