Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is a health problem in Perú. Objective: To determine the mortality and the associated factors in chronic kidney disease patients under hemodialysis in an incident population in a Peruvian hospital. Material and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in patients admitted to the chronic hemodialysis program at Hospital Antonio Lorena (Cusco-Peru), from 2010 to 2016. Kaplan-Meier method was used for the survival analysis to determine the factors associated with mortality, Cox´s Regression was carried out, obtaining Hazard Ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: A total of 187 patients were studied, with a mean age of 57 years (interquartile range: 43-66). The 47% (89) of patients died during follow-up. Mortality rate was 24 deaths / 100 people-per year (95% CI: 19.6-29.6). The mean survival rate was 2.8 years (95% CI: 1.9-4.0). Dilatation of the left atrium in the echocardiography (HR: 2.63; 95% CI: 1.03-6.69; p=0.041), a white blood cell count ≥ 12x103u/mm3 (HR: 6.86; 95% CI: 2.08-22.66; p=0.002), and hemoglobin <7 g/dL (HR: 3.62; 95% CI: 1.05-12.48; p=0.041) were associated with mortality. Conclusions: A low frequency of survival was found, which was associated with potentially modifiable factors.