In South America, human cases of infection by the genus Rickettsia have been described in several countries in the last twenty years. The role of international organizations, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia, USA and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA, was very important in the last twenty years for the development of surveillance systems and for the increase in notification of rickettsial diseases by the countries of South America. We hope that the next goal will be prevention and control of rickettsial diseases in the countries of South America, as well as maintaining the programs developed during the last twenty years, so that a good health system and improved social conditions will be possible.