Reviews some of the conceptual changes that have taken place in the field of S&T policy research, showing an evolution from a primarily "science-push' approach to a much more complex perspective in which science and technology are seen as integral and critical factors in the design of development policies and strategies. Next, outlines major changes and trends in the international situation which will affect the challenges to be faced by S&T policy research. Finally, describes some steps that could be taken to strengthen research capabilities in developing countries. -after Author