The objective this research was to evaluate the reproductive and trophic development in Gambusia punctata specie that lived in San Juan river in Santiago de Cuba. It was carried out in three stations: high, mid and low of the main river of the hydrographic basin during the season of shortage rain in 2011. Two intervals of class were selected according to length: 2.1-3.0 cms y 3.1-4.0 cms respectively. It was analyzed as reproductive biomarkers in males, the length of the gonopodium and the rate gonadosomatic and in females, the percentage was analyzed at the presence of the camera incubatory, number of embryos a gonadosomatic index. For the trophic relation was identified the total of the specimen contained in the digestive tract by taxonomic class. In both sexes, the bigher values of gonadosomatic rate were found in the bigh station and the lower values, in the low station where the ANOVA showed a significant statistic difference between the station and the intervals. As for the quantity of specimen the taxonomic order was as follows: insects > crustaceous > gastropods > arannics for both sexes. In short the reproductive and trophic development in the specie varies along the river significantly.