Few genetic markers are available in banana and plantain due to the lack of research in transmission genetics. The major obstacles for Musa genetic analysis include: triploidy in most popular cultivars, the very low reproductive fertility, and the few hybrids recovered after in vitro embryo germination leading to small population sizes. Nonetheless, transmission genetic research was undertaken in Musa, particularly in the 1990s. The genetic importance of some target traits including albinism, apical dominance, dwarfism, fruit parthenocarpy are discussed. The chapter includes a discussion of genes that are mapped.