The framework Law on universal Health Insurance promulgated in April 2009, establishes a regulatory support to ensure the full and progressive right of every Peruvian social security health. This article reviews how health systems were, coverage and insurance plans in Peru before the enactment of this Act. An account of the actions that made possible through consensus to be built by law, analyzes the various proposals prior to this, finally, assesses its implementation will bring benefits to both citizens and for the system health.