Objective: To determine chronic socio-pathological factors in rural workers in eleven villages in Peru. Materials and Methods: Retrospective multicenter study conducted in eleven rural towns in Peru. Data was collected through surveys conducted by physicians during the primary care consultation. Consultations were made regarding tobacco and alcohol consumption, chronic illness, depression, and suicidal ideation. Results: Surveys of 2551 workers, adjusted for sex and age were used. Health workers were found to have higher frequencies of tobacco use (RPa: 2.53; CI95%: 1.63-3.92); workers had higher frequencies of depression (RPa: 1.74; CI95%: 1.22-2.47) and those working in mines had higher frequencies of alcohol use (RPa: 2.98; CI95%: 1.94-4.58). Conclusions: Within the most frequent professions/occupations in rural areas it was found that some have a greater relationship with some risk factors for physical and mental health, this should be evaluated and considered as part of the occupational surveillance program.