The purpose of our study was to understand the perception of the postpartum beliefs and customs among Quechua and Aymara mothers in Parenting System. The study is a young children in socio-educational analysis related to postpartum beliefs and customs among Quechua and Aymara mothers, specifically, the analysis was done in the cultural context of indigenous communities, seeking knowledge of the diverse cultural expressions, perceptions, and behaviors of the population around reproductive health processes of educational system, through observation and ethnographic interviews. The sample consisted of 118 mothers whose deliveries were attended in the health and parenting system establishment of the Quechua and Aymara areas, and the process was developed considering five aspects. The results show the presence of a complex cultural system in this stage of life and a set of social and cultural norms such as the use of medicinal plants and learning System in the prevention of encounters with spirits or beings of the Quechua and Aymara cultures. The conceptions of the puerperium in native communities regulate the behavior of its inhabitants, affecting maternal and child health in education system and Parenting System.