Evidence-based medicine (EBM) encompasses three important principles: (1) Clinicians should consider the best available evidence when making clinical decisions; (2) some evidence warrants greater confidence than other evidence; and (3) the evidence alone is never enough to fully inform clinical decisions without considering patient values, preferences, and context. To practice the third principle, EBM requires the incorporation of shared decision making (SDM), where the patient and the clinician will deliberate together and arrive at a decision collaboratively. SDM requires an empathic “dance” across decision-making models, which are discussed in this chapter. We also discuss the importance of SDM for the translation of evidence into clinical practice, the evidence to support the practice of SDM, and how clinicians can practice SDM, as well as the future of SDM in the context of challenges of implementation, measurement, policy, and research.