Introduction: abuse is a type of violence that continues to increase, but this has not been described in populations of the Peruvian Andes. Objective: to determine the socio-educational factors associated with the perception of physical and psychological abuse in 31 secondary schools in a city in the Peruvian highlands. Methods: analytical, cross-sectional study. The studied population consisted of 10 382 schoolchildren from 31 public and private educational institutions of secondary level, from the city of Huancayo, Peru. The main variables were having suffered physical and psychological abuse, and this data was obtained from a survey - previously validated- in our environment. Statistical associations were obtained. Results: the most frequent psychological and physical abuses were: having received shouts and excessive academic load, respectively. Associated with psychological abuse was the female sex (adjusted prevalence ratio [RPa]: 0.86; confidence interval [CI] 95 %: 0.81-0.90; p value < 0.001), to study in a national college (RPa: 0.83, 95 % CI: 0.79-0.88; p value < 0.001); age (RPa: 1.05, 95 % CI: 1.02-1.10; p value= 0.003); the year of studies (RPa: 1.04, 95 % CI: 1.01-1.10; p value= 0.020), the condition of being an student repeating the year (RPa: 1.20; 95 % CI: 1.09-1,31, p value< 0.001); as well as skin color (RPa: 1.22; 95 % CI: 1.00-1.49; p value= 0.046). On the other hand were associated to physical abuse: the female sex (RPa: 0.77, 95 % CI: 0.74-0.80, p value< 0.001), being in a national school (RPa: 0.91; 95 %: 0.88-0.95; p value< 0.001), age (RPa: 1.03; 95 % CI: 1.01-1.05; p value= 0.014) and the condition of being an student repeating the year (RPa: 1.08; 95 % CI: 1.01-1.15; p value= 0.015). Conclusions: abuse is associated with many particular characteristics, which is why screening and support programs for victims must be generated.