Gender equality is a social issue that affects various disciplines. Within the field of medicine, inequality regarding the role of women in surgical specialties has been clearly identified. Limited female representation in leadership positions regarding surgical or academic societies, salary differences when compared to their male colleagues, and lack of mentoring programs for a balanced career are some of the difficulties faced by women who pursue a surgical career. This article explores the status of women who pursue surgical careers in Peru and the specific limitations they face; it also highlights the importance of female par-ticipation in surgery and proposes some suggestions to improve the role of women in the surgical field.