Objective: To determine the factors associated with refractive defects in an urban population of the Peruvian Andes. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study of secondary data analysis was performed, using all the records of the patients who attended the ophthalmological consultation between January and May 2015, the variables of type of ametropia (astigmatism, myopia and hyperopia), Sex, age, occupation and place of residence of the patients. P values, prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were obtained using generalized linear models. Results: Of the 1815 attended, the average age was 30 years (standard deviation 10.9 years), 46% (829) were men, 93% (1692) lived in the city of Huancayo, the most frequent occupation was being Students, 38% (696). Increasing the frequency of hyperopia was more than 60 years old (p <0.001, PR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.48-2.67) and being a housewife (p <0.001, PR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.24-1.96), on the contrary, the students had lower percentages of hypermetropia (p: 0.009, PR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.65-0.94). It was found that housewives had a lower frequency of myopia (p: 0.026; PR: 0.80; IC95: 0.65-0.97); in addition, those over 60 also had lower frequencies of myopia (p: 0.002, PR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.48-0.85). Conclusion: It was found that some of the socio-labor factors evaluated were associated with refractive defects in a population of the central Andes of Peru, these results can be taken into account for future research, preventive plans for ophthalmologic pathologies and as a basis for Future research in similar populations.