The present chapter is centered on the recent advances of bionanocomposites with applied interest in the biomedical field. The chapter is highly generalist due to the great variety of nanoparticles and polymers that are involved, being selected significant and relevant systems that are employed for regeneration of hard and soft tissues as well as drug delivery systems with targeted and triggered release. Most of the important nanomaterials and polymers, which are not covered in the earlier chapters, are presented here. In essence the described systems for tissue regeneration can mimic human tissues, providing an ideal environment to promote cell growth and differentiation. Furthermore, bionanocomposite systems can be designed for protection against the defense mechanism, avoiding degradation and immune responses. Recent strategies in developing new bionanocomposites are summarized, and the fields of application and the emerging trends and perspectives are highlighted.