The synthesis of carbon-based quantum dots has been widely explored in the literature in recent years. However, despite the fact that synthesis processes to obtain highly efficient carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with redshifted photoluminescence (PL) have been improved, few works have exploited sucrose in the synthesis of GQDs with high PL efficiency. In this work, sucrose, which is a widely available non-toxic saccharide, was used as a precursor of GQDs. Initially, sucrose was carbonized in sulfuric acid, and thereafter, the material obtained was treated in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Nitrogen doping was also performed in this work through an additional step involving the treatment of carbonized sucrose in nitric acid reflux. Nitrogen-doped GQDs (N-GQDs) showed tunable PL dependent on the excitation wavelength. It was also verified that the intensity of the emission in the red region was much higher in the N-GQDs in comparison with that in undoped GQDs. X-Ray Diffraction, Raman, FTIR, TEM, and AFM analyzes were also performed to obtain greater structural details of the obtained GQDs.