The authors present a comparative study, from a clinical and anatomopathological point of view, of the general casuistry of lung carcinomas in the Puerta de Hierro Clinic and the cases affecting women. The behaviour in our 23 female patients was generally similar to that of the general casuistry. We draw attention to a high incidence of adenocarcinomas, common to all the series of non-smokers. It seems highly likely that this fact will change in the near future as the number of smokers increases, as a result of which lung cancer would cease to be a rarity in our country.