Title
Combining ultrasound, vacuum and/or ethanol as pretreatments to the convective drying of celery slices
Date Issued
2021
Access level
open access
Resource Type
journal article
Publisher(s)
Elsevier B.V.
Abstract
This work studied three emerging approaches to improve the convective drying (50 °C, 0.8 m/s) of celery. Celery slices of 2 mm thick were pretreated for 5 min using ultrasound (32 W/L, 40 kHz), vacuum (75 kPa vacuum pressure) and ethanol (99.8% v/v, as drying accelerator) applied individually or in combination. To evaluate individual effects of ultrasound and vacuum, the treatments were also performed with distilled water or air medium, respectively. Moreover, the cavitational level was characterized in each condition. Drying kinetics was evaluated tending into account the drying time required by each treatment and the Page's model parameters. In addition, microstructural effects and shrinkage were evaluated. As results, ethanol combined with ultrasound significantly improved drying kinetics reducing drying time by around 38%. However, vacuum pretreatment did not affect drying kinetics even in combination with ethanol and/or ultrasound. Microstructural evaluation did not evidence cell disruption, suggesting changes in intercellular spaces, pores and/or cell wall permeability. The use of ethanol and vacuum showed a greater effect on shrinkage after pretreatment and after drying, respectively. In conclusion, at the studied conditions, the drying acceleration by vacuum and ultrasound is lower compared to the effect produced using ethanol.
Volume
79
Language
English
OCDE Knowledge area
Biotecnología agrícola, Biotecnología alimentaria
Scopus EID
2-s2.0-85116913177
PubMed ID
Source
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry
ISSN of the container
13504177
Sponsor(s)
The authors are grateful to the Programa Nacional de Investigación Científica y Estudios Avanzados (PROCIENCIA) from the ‘‘Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica” (CONCYTEC, Peru) for funding the project n° 409-2019-FONDECYT, to the Universidad Privada del Norte (UPN, Peru) for funding the project n° 20201005, to the São Paulo Research foundation (FAPESP, Brazil), for funding the project n° 2019/05043-6, and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil), for funding the productivity grant of PED Augusto (310839/2020-3).
Sources of information: Directorio de Producción Científica Scopus