The Polygalaceae are represented in Peru by six genera and 98 species (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993; Ulloa Ulloa et al., 2004), mostly shrubs. Here we recognize 46 endemic taxa in three genera. Monnina is the genus with the largest number of endemic species. Endemic Polygalaceae are found mainly in Very Humid Montane Forests, Mesoandean and Very Humid Premontane Forests regions, between 600 and 3550 m elevation. We applied IUCN categories and criteria to 19 species. Apparently, only eight species have been recorded within Peru's protected areas system.