Achievements in mathematical, communicative, and scientific competencies in basic education are necessary for future professional training; and thus, academic performance not only reflects the knowledge acquired in the teaching-learning process, but also provides valuable information on the factors involved. That is why the present research work, aimed to comparatively analyze the academic performance of Latin America in the PISA 2018 Assessment, with emphasis on the performance of Peruvian students. Through a process of documentary analysis, the results from 10 Latin American countries that are part of the OECD were studied, in which adolescents between 15 and 16 years old were evaluated. The results showed that some countries, despite being in the best positions in Latin America, showed a downward trend in terms of academic performance, and countries such as Peru, were showing upward trends, despite still being in low positions in the world ranking.