Tuberculosis (TB) persists as a major public health problem in our country. The appearance of resistant strains has complicated its control and questioned the appropriateness of the current measures towards prevention and control. An analysis from social determinants related to TB, converge on irregular treatment that generates disease persistence and appearance of resistance to TB drugs. The objective of this paper is to identify the role of the government in the treatment of TB patients, to recognize difficulties of treatment adherence considering that its fulfillment depends on the patient, despite that it has direct consequences on public health, and to discuss TB management alternatives with an approach based on individual and collective human rights. International literature shows limit experiences of individual rights and collective ones, but based on health policies and health legislation. In Peru, a new approach is required to guarantee population health without infringing individual rights.