The current knowledge on the scorpion fauna of Pantepui is limited. In this chapter we present a historical account of the scientific contributions of these arachnids in Pantepui and the surrounding areas, in the Guiana region, and update the current knowledge on their richness, endemism, and distribution patterns. The scorpion fauna of Pantepui and peripheral altitudinal areas of the Guiana region is composed almost exclusively of endemic species (100% of Pantepui species and 99% of those in the Guiana region). The diversity of scorpions decreases with the elevation, and only 11 species are known from Pantepui (>1400 m), whereas 31 species are distributed on the slopes and peripheral midlands between 800 and 1400 m. Six Chactid genera (Auyantepuia, Cayooca, Chactopsoides, Megachactops, Taurepania, and Vachoniochactas) are exclusive from Pantepui and peripheral areas.