Anew,narrowlyendemicspeciesfromtheAndeanwesternslopesofcentralPeru,Chusquealimensis(Poaceae,Bambusoideae, Bambuseae), is described and illustrated. Identification keys and a comparative table based on vegetative and reproductive characters, including morphologically similar species such as C. huantensis, C. inamoena, C. scandens and C. tarmensis, as well as habitat and geographical distribution notes, are included. Additionally, anatomical and micromorphological characters of the culm and foliage leaf blades of the new species are presented, as a valuable tool for the identification of sterile specimens.