Mining and quarrying activities have been carried out since ancient times. Although at different levels, both abandoned and active mines have several environmental problems associated to soil excavation and physical-chemical characteristics of the mine wastes and their leachates. Environmental impacts are highly variable but, in general, lead to the degradation of soils and waters (e.g., loss of soil structure and fertility, acidification/alkalinization, contamination by potentially hazardous elements, and decrease of the biodiversity). The rehabilitation of mining areas is essential to decrease environmental impacts and must include ecological approaches and economic considerations. This chapter presents a review on the environmental problems associated with quarries and mining areas of sulfide ores and coal and describes the advantages and limitations of some ecotechnologies for in situ rehabilitation.